New Research Suggests Immune-Suppressing Drug May Help Slow Parkinson’s Progression

A research team from the University of Cambridge is exploring whether calming the immune system can reduce this inflammation and help slow Parkinson’s progression. Their early findings suggest this approach might offer new hope. The team tested azathioprine, a medication already used to treat other immune-related conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. In this study, azathioprine was used to see if it could reduce the immune activity believed to drive brain inflammation in Parkinson’s. Early Results from the AZA/PD Trial The trial, known as AZA/PD, involved 66 people in the early stages of Parkinson’s who were considered at higher risk for faster disease progression. Participants were randomly assigned to take either azathioprine or a placebo for 12 months, followed by a six-month observation period. Researchers monitored each person’s movement, balance, thinking abilities, mood, and quality of life throughout the study. They also used brain imaging and lab tests to track inflammation and immune system changes. What the Study Found Those who received azathioprine experienced: Fewer motor symptoms (such as stiffness and walking difficulties) Improvements in daily tasks like dressing, writing, and washing Better cognitive function, especially in people with faster-progressing Parkinson’s Potentially greater benefits for women compared to men The researchers believe the drug worked by reducing harmful immune signals that can contribute to brain inflammation, even though the medication itself does not cross into the brain. Safety and What’s Next The study reported no major safety concerns related to azathioprine, and the drug was generally well-tolerated by participants. While these are early results, the findings are an encouraging step toward developing treatments aimed at slowing Parkinson’s, rather than only managing its symptoms. The research team is now preparing a new trial to study dapansutrile, another anti-inflammatory medication, as a potential way to reduce inflammation and protect brain health in people living with Parkinson’s.