Can Exercise Help People with Parkinson’s Disease? 5 Things to Know

Exercise is beneficial for everyone, but recent studies suggest it may be especially helpful for individuals with Parkinson’s disease, potentially slowing its progression. Parkinson’s disease, affecting up to one million people in the U.S., is a movement disorder caused by insufficient dopamine production in the brain. This deficiency disrupts the brain's communication with muscles, leading to symptoms like uncontrollable shaking, slow movement, instability, and muscle stiffness. Other symptoms can include fatigue, anxiety, depression, cognitive issues, and sleep difficulties. While there is no cure for Parkinson’s, Dr. Sule Tinaz, a Yale Medicine neurologist, explains that exercise can enhance brain plasticity, creating new pathways and strengthening existing ones. A study tracking 237 patients over five years found that those who were more active had better physical outcomes. High-intensity exercise, in particular, has been shown to slow the disease’s progression. Patients engaging in high-intensity exercises, like cycling or treadmill workouts three times a week for six months, experienced less disease progression compared to those who did not. Further studies by Dr. Tinaz and her team suggest that high-intensity exercise might improve neuron function, increasing dopamine production in the brain. Certain exercises are recommended for Parkinson’s patients, including aerobic activities like walking, cycling, or swimming, strength training, balance exercises such as yoga or tai chi, and stretching activities. Dr. Tinaz also suggests explosive exercises to enhance power and complex exercises like dancing to improve coordination. She emphasizes the importance of personalized exercise programs tailored to individual needs and safety concerns. Starting an exercise regimen promptly after a Parkinson’s diagnosis is crucial. Dr. Tinaz advises against delaying exercise, as early engagement in vigorous activity can yield better results. Patients with advanced Parkinson’s can still exercise, with modifications like seated or lying-down routines. While high-intensity exercise may not be suitable for all patients, moderate-intensity activities can also be beneficial. Dr. Tinaz highlights that any physical movement, including daily chores, contributes to physical activity, offering cumulative benefits over a lifetime.