Webinars

The sixth instalment of the Food as Medicine series moves beyond the kitchen to the cutting edge of clinical supplementation. In this session, co-hosted by NoSilverBullet4PD and the PD Buddy app, Michel Planquart welcomes distinguished Naturopathic Doctor and researcher Dr Tanya Denne. As a leading advocate for "Personalised Medicine," Dr Denne bridges the gap between traditional neurology and complementary disciplines. This webinar provides an objective, evidence-based look at how specific compounds can support mitochondrial function, defend against oxidative stress, and protect the brain at a cellular level, cutting through marketing hype to examine what the latest research actually says. Key Topics Covered Mitochondrial Support: An exploration of the role of NAD+ precursors and emerging interest in low-dose lithium as potential tools for maintaining cellular energy. Neuroprotection & Connectivity: How N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a powerful antioxidant, shows promise in supporting brain connectivity. Cognitive Clarity: A review of popular natural options, including Lion's Mane, for maintaining cognitive health. The Broader Supplement Landscape: Evidence-based insights into the role of Green Tea in managing protein health, alongside a look at CBD for managing sleep challenges and anxiety.

We are delighted to share the recording of last Thursday's webinar featuring Lucille Leader, the Nutrition Director of the Parkinson's Disease Integrated Nutrition Clinic in London, UK (www.lucilleleader.com) and a renowned expert in nutritional therapy for Parkinson's. Lucille has received the “Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease Award” in the USA and the “Outstanding Practice Award” in the UK. She is the author and co-author of 6 books on Parkinson’s Disease, academic lecturer on MSc degree courses and lectured at International Parkinson’s Disease Congresses. In this highly practical session, Lucille explores the intricate relationship between protein intake and dopamine metabolism. She shares essential insights into managing the timing of your meals and supplements to optimise how L-DOPA medication works and to minimise side effects, demonstrating how precision monitoring of L-dopa drug response at different doses, can enable the ability to smooth over the “Off-Period”. Other Key takeaways from the session include: The Importance of Cellular Energy: Exploring how natural Cellular Energy produced in the Power Houses (Mitochondria) of our cells is compromised in Parkinson’s Disease and how L-dopa medication also impacts this process. Learning how essential it is in the metabolic management of Parkinson’s Disease to support the Cell Energy Cycle (The Citric Acid /Krebs Cycle) and which specific nutrients, specialised diet and oxygenation are indicated for this support. Broad Metabolic and Systemic Support: Discovering the vital role the Bowel plays in nutrient and drug absorption, some recommendations for chronic intestinal dysfunction with recommendations for specialist referrals, alongside practical advice on the importance of monitoring Skin health, Thyroid function, and the importance of Stress Management – techniques recommended. Recommending Multidisciplinary Team Support, Medical as well as Specialised Nutritional, Genetic, Viral and Bacterial Laboratory Tests implicating functional health in Parkinson’s Disease. Stay Connected via our new website: ParkinsonsInsights.com — Visit for daily curated news, expert commentaries, and our webinar archive. Disclaimer: This session is for informational and educational purposes only. Always consult with your medical professional before making changes to your care plan. See https://nosilverbullet4pd.com/disclam... for full disclaimer. Questions and Answers: Lucille Leader Have you had success with FOG and stiffness? No specific improvements with FOG. Stiffness is for medical assessment and dopaminergic or other recommendations. I’ve had gastric bypass surgery, how does that affect the metabolism and interaction with Levo-Dopa.? I already take B12 injections monthly, anything else should I monitor? If the bypass is after the absorption site in the proximal small bowel, there should be no hindrance to absorption of L-dopa. However, I cannot comment for you, personally, as I am not aware of your health status. Re what to monitor as regards other nutrients and routine medical tests: On my Webinar slide Presentation I have listed routine tests… but the choice for you is dependent on your personal clinical health. You need to be guided by a Nutrition Practitioner who works in collaboration with your Medical Practitioner. In case this isn't covered in the presentation, may I ask if the dispersible Levodopa tablets /madopar have the same issues regarding meal timing and proteins impacting brain uptake as do the tablets that are swallowed? Madopar dispersible has the same timing consideration as other L-dopa formulations it is L-dopa with the same absorption site and competition for absorption with the large neutral amino acid as any other form of the drug. With the B6 element, is there a link between KPU and PD? Thank you for a very clear presentation. KPU is associated with Zinc and B6 deficiencies. Test for these and Kryptopyroles for assessment. See the interesting research on this subject and PD. Is coffee OK? Does half&half have enough protein to matter? Coffee is not an issue. Trace amounts of protein only. Re your example of calculating the time of dosing to avoid OFF times, how would you modify that if you have 2 doses of Levodopa with different life times. Say Sinemet starts in 20 mins and is a short acting and a longer acting ER that starts at 60 mins and lasts 2 hours? You need to change your timing of food according to the differing monitoring results at different times. Does the warning about protein include beans, (kidney, black, etc) They and other high lectin content beans are of consideration as protein, at the time of taking L-dopa. Research demonstrates that red kidney beans can impact the permeability of the gut mucosa. Therefore, the status of the intestinal mucosa also needs assessment when advising on diet considerations. Any advice for us on a slow release carbi/levodopa? Slow Release L-dopa formulations can last for some hours – therefore during that period, protein competition is an important consideration. If you cannot only take it at night but need it during the day, you will need special attention to appropriate protein administration when you have a window. A predigested hydrolysed protein drink may be helpful as it is more rapidly absorbed than whole protein. Protein metabolises endogenous L-dopa and is essential for general health. With the importance of mitochondria does it make sense to encourage mitophagy and if so how? See the research on mitochondria, mitophagy and Parkinson’s disease. I recommend for your interest the specialised Mitochondrial tests, including Mitophagy, represented by AONM in the UK (Gilian Crowther: Email: gilian@aonm.org Website: www.AONM.org) I am taking 6 x 100/25 LDopa during the day meaning a tablet every 2.5 hours. Over recent months I am wearing off as quickly as every approx 2 hours, I also take Opicapone and Safinamide. Timing of meals is a real challenge and my PD Dr says I should not take L Dopa more frequently than I currently do. A recent blood test shows low B6 so maybe I need to take a supplement? Also I think a patch might be prescribed to see if this helps. When ON I do get dyskinesia but find this preferable to being OFF as I am prone to Freeze and falling - do you agree that taking L Dopa more frequently than every 2.5 hours should be avoided? A pump was suggested but a recent consultation at Kings London I think is going to say no to a pump until a patch has been tried… but previously my regular PD team have steered away from prescribing Agonists - this is an excellent session thank you, Adrian. Certainly your neurologist is correct in advising you to keep to that total dosage over the day. However, for some people, taking a smaller dose more frequently (not going beyond the total daily dosage prescribed) can be helpful. This needs to be discussed with your doctor. Do recall that if you have a small window only for protein, a predigested hydrolysed protein drink may be helpful as it is more rapidly absorbed than whole protein. Protein metabolises endogenous L-dopa and is essential for general health. Are you saying don’t take soy at all? Or just in the 2 hours before taking pills? Soy is a whole protein, so the timing of taking it is the same as for all dense proteins which will compete for absorption with L-dopa. However, its suitability for personalised diet needs to be assessed by a Nutrition Practitioner. Many of your slides cite research that is 10-20 yrs old. Are these studies still accurate and valid? Interesting that these facts were already considered then. I have heard that taking Levodopa medication with sparkling mineral water and vitamin C improves absorption. Is there any research or evidence for this? I do not have experience with sparkling water and absorption of L-dopa medication. DISCLAIMER - CAUTIONARY NOTE: Lucille Leader does not take responsibility for the outcome or misinterpretation of any of her anwers as the aspects pertaining to the questions are essentially the responsibility of patients' inidvidual healthcare teams, who are familiar with the individual's clinical status.

In this insightful session, we were joined by Dr Ludy Shih, Associate Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School and Clinical Director at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Dr Shih explored the complex relationship between the natural process of brain aging and the specific pathology of Parkinson’s disease. Key Takeaways The Aging Intersection: Dr Shih discussed how Parkinson's does not exist in a vacuum; it interacts with the "biological clock" of the brain. She highlighted that many of the cellular and molecular mechanisms we see in Parkinson’s—such as mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress—are also fundamental components of the normal aging process. A System-Wide Approach: A major focus of the talk was that aging is not limited to the brain. Dr Shih explained how "non-neurologic" systems (such as the cardiovascular and metabolic systems) undergo their own aging processes, which can significantly impact the progression and symptom management of those living with Parkinson's. The Power of Longitudinal Data: Drawing from her extensive work with the Framingham Heart Study, Dr Shih shared how tracking health data across generations helps researchers distinguish between "normal" aging and the specific neurodegenerative changes associated with Parkinson’s. Resilience and Reserve: The session emphasized the importance of building "cognitive and motor reserve." By understanding how the brain ages, we can better implement lifestyle strategies—such as targeted exercise and social engagement—to enhance the brain's resilience against disease progression. Why This Matters for our Community Understanding the overlap between aging and Parkinson's helps us move away from a "one-size-fits-all" approach. It highlights that maintaining overall systemic health (heart health, metabolic health, and mental wellness) is just as vital as managing dopamine levels. By slowing the "biological clock" through proactive lifestyle choices, we can positively influence the trajectory of the condition.

This webinar, titled "Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Parkinson’s," is the fourth instalment of the "Food as Medicine" series. It features Jelena Etemovic, a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist, who explores how targeted nutritional strategies can act as neuroprotective tools to support brain health and manage symptoms. The Core Science: Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Parkinson’s disease is characterised by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing cells. Research suggests that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are key contributors to this cellular damage over time. Oxidative Stress: This is an imbalance between "free radicals" (unstable molecules that damage cells) and "antioxidants" (molecules that neutralise them). Chronic Inflammation: While inflammation is a natural healing response, when it becomes chronic, it places added stress on the nervous system and brain cells. Key Nutritional Strategies 1. Antioxidant-Rich Foods Antioxidants are natural compounds that protect cells from oxidative damage. They are primarily found in vibrant, colourful plant-based foods. Sources: Berries, dark leafy greens, beans, nuts, seeds, herbs, and spices. The "Variety" Rule: Different colours represent different antioxidant compounds (e.g., Vitamin C in citrus, flavonoids in blueberries, resveratrol in grapes). The "Regularity" Rule: Daily habits add up; cellular protection is a long-term benefit of consistent intake. 2. Omega-3 Fatty Acids These are "essential" fats, meaning the body cannot produce them and must get them from food. They are directly involved in regulating the body’s inflammatory response and supporting brain cell communication. DHA & EPA (Found in fatty fish): Crucial for brain health and cognitive function. ALA (Found in plants): Found in flax seeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. Recommendation: Aim to include omega-3 rich foods 2–3 times per week. Practical "Hacks" for Daily Life Jelena recommends a three-step approach to immediately improving your nutritional profile: Grocery List Update: Add three antioxidant-rich and three omega-3-rich foods to your shop this week. Colourful Plates: Fill half your plate with colourful fruits and vegetables daily. The "Add, Don't Cut" Mindset: Instead of focusing on what to restrict, focus on what nutrient-dense foods you can add to your current meals (e.g., adding chia seeds to oatmeal or spinach to a smoothie). Jelena has produced the following free guide: https://jelena-etemovic-dietitian.kit.com/1b8038925f Parkinson’s Brain Health Nutrition Guide: Practical nutrition strategies to support brain health and help you take simple action this week. Inside this free guide you’ll learn: How nutrition can help support brain health in PD How to get started with building a plan An antioxidant foods list Tips for increasing antioxidant intakes An Omega-3 foods list Tips for increasing omega-3 intakes How to get additional nutrition guidance

The Parkinson’s Lifestyle Plan. Bridging Global Research & Personal Action with Prof. Joanne Trinh In this session, NoSilverBullet4PD hosted Prof. Joanne Trinh, Heisenberg Professor at the Institute of Neurogenetics in Lübeck, Germany. Prof. Trinh presented her latest research—recently published in The Lancet—on how lifestyle interventions influence disease trajectory and improve quality of life for those living with Parkinson’s. Moving beyond the search for a single "silver bullet," Prof. Trinh explains the "synergistic effect" of combining multiple lifestyle pillars to create a neuroprotective environment. The Core Concept: Vicious vs. Virtuous Cycles Prof. Trinh introduced a central framework for managing the condition: The Vicious Cycle: Motor and non-motor symptoms (such as fatigue or fear of falling) often prevent patients from staying active, which leads to symptomatic worsening and faster progression. The Virtuous Cycle: By introducing attainable lifestyle interventions alongside medical management, patients can improve their symptoms, which then allows for increased activity levels, effectively breaking the downward spiral. Key Research Pillars Physical Activity & Brain Health High-Intensity Exercise: Evidence shows that high-intensity aerobic exercise at least three times a week can help stabilize motor symptoms. Synergy: Combining aerobic work with resistance training (weightlifting) provides a "multiplier effect" for brain health. Biological Impact: Exercise has been found to reduce global brain atrophy and dampen brain inflammation at a molecular level. Nutrition & The Gut-Brain Connection The Mediterranean Diet: Strong evidence supports this diet as protective against Parkinson’s risk and highly beneficial for managing cognitive function and constipation. Microbiome Diversity: A diverse gut microbiome is protective. Increasing fiber intake helps manage symptoms and protects the brain via the production of short-chain fatty acids. Supplements: While results vary, probiotics and melatonin have shown positive effects on gut health and sleep quality. Stress Management & Resilience Mindfulness & Yoga: Mindfulness-based interventions have consistent beneficial effects on mood, specifically reducing anxiety and depression. Brain Resilience: Regular meditation has been linked to improved scores for daily living and positive changes in regional brain volume. Genetics and Lifestyle Interactions Prof. Trinh shared intriguing data on how specific factors interact with Parkinson’s genetics: Black Tea: For those with the LRRK2 genetic form of Parkinson’s, black tea consumption was associated with less severe motor symptoms over time. Additive Effects: Her research shows that combining multiple protective factors—such as coffee consumption and non-smoking—can cumulatively influence the age of onset. Practical Recommendations for the Community Aim for Intensity: While high intensity is the goal, moderate intensity is still significantly better than no exercise. Prioritize Social Connection: Building stress resilience through social support is a highly effective, yet often overlooked, part of a lifestyle plan. Consistency is Key: The goal is to find sustainable changes and "gamify" them to maintain long-term adherence.

In this presentation, Dr Caroline Williams-Gray from Cambridge University discusses the recent results of the phase 2 trial of azathioprine (AZA-PD), an immunosuppressive medication. Cure Parkinson’s funded a sub-study of this trial which aimed to better understand azathioprine’s mechanism of action, or how the drug interacts with the body. This trial involved 66 people with early-stage Parkinson’s (diagnosed less than 3 years before recruitment) taking azathioprine or a placebo (dummy drug) for 12 months. The researchers aimed to determine if azathioprine can “correct” the Parkinson’s immune profile and slow progression by suppressing immune activity in the brain and body. Dr Williams-Gray discusses the results of this study, as well as gives an update on the ongoing phase 2 trial of dapansutrile – a novel anti-inflammatory drug being developed by Olatec Therapeutics. This presentation was part of the Cure Parkinson’s Spring 2026 Research Update Meeting. Find out more about these meetings - https://cureparkinsons.org.uk/researc... In this video, you will learn: The "Petrol Tank" Analogy: Why dopamine replacement therapy manages symptoms but fails to stop the underlying widespread degeneration in the brain. The ASAP-PD Trial Results: A detailed look at how Azathioprine reduced brain inflammation and significantly improved movement symptoms, particularly in women. Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammosome: How the new Dapansutrile trial aims to provide the same anti-inflammatory benefits with fewer side effects by focusing on a specific immune pathway. Sex Differences in Parkinson's: Why research into immune responses may need to be tailored differently for men and women. Timestamps: [00:00] Introduction and the challenge of treating Parkinson's. [04:30] The spectrum of Parkinson's: Why the immune system might drive progression. [07:00] Measuring inflammation in blood, brain tissue, and PET imaging. [16:15] The ASAP-PD Trial: Repurposing Azathioprine as a proof of concept. [24:10] Results: Impact on motor symptoms and the striking difference in female participants. [30:30] Lessons learned: Peripheral immune suppression can reduce brain inflammation. [33:40] The DAP-PD Trial: Introduction to Dapansutrile and the NLRP3 pathway. [41:00] Q&A: Safety, dosage, and the future of personalised immune therapies. Join the Conversation: If you find our webinars helpful, please Subscribe to the NoSilverBullet4PD YouTube Channel. By following us, you help our community become more visible, allowing us to reach more people worldwide and share vital, holistic strategies for managing Parkinson’s. Useful Links: Website: https://cureparkinsons.org.uk/ Parkinson’s Insights: A New Digital Home for Our Community: https://parkinsonsinsights.com/ NoSilverBullet4PD: Visit our website for more resources: https://nosilverbullet4pd.com/ PD Buddy App: Download the free app for people with Parkinson's: https://pdbuddy.com/ Disclaimer: This session is for informational and educational purposes only. Always consult with your medical professional before making changes to your care plan. See https://nosilverbullet4pd.com/disclamer-.html for full disclaimer.

1. How Common is Dementia in Parkinson’s? While cognitive change is a sensitive topic, understanding it is essential for preparation. Research indicates that dementia is approximately six times more common in people with Parkinson’s than in the general population. Longitudinal studies have shown that nearly 50% of people newly diagnosed with Parkinson’s may develop cognitive involvement within ten years. However, there is significant variability; some individuals live with Parkinson's for many years without encountering cognitive issues. 2. Identifying the Signs: Parkinson’s vs. Alzheimer’s It is important to distinguish Parkinson’s dementia from other conditions: Primary Domains: In Parkinson’s, the main changes typically involve visuospatial processing (e.g., difficulty organizing items in space, navigating a mobile phone, or driving) and executive function (e.g., planning, multitasking, or managing finances). Contrast with Alzheimer’s: Alzheimer’s primarily affects memory, often characterised by repeating questions or failing to recognise relatives—symptoms that are generally not dominant features in early Parkinson’s dementia. "Brain Fog" is Normal: Walking into a room and forgetting why, or having a word on the "tip of your tongue," is often a normal sign of aging (especially over 40) and does not necessarily indicate dementia. 3. The Role of Vision in Prediction Professor Weil’s research at UCL focuses on using vision tests as a predictive tool: The Cat/Dog Test: Studies showed that people who struggle to distinguish distorted images of cats and dogs were more likely to show a decline in cognitive scores when followed over time. Brain Connections: Advanced MRI techniques (pixel-based analysis) reveal that those at higher risk for dementia show a loss of "white matter integrity"—the connections between brain cells—long before traditional brain shrinkage is visible. 4. Taking Charge: What You Can Do Now Professor Weil advocates for a "360-degree approach" to brain health, likening it to the "marginal gains" philosophy used by Olympic cycling coaches—making many small changes to achieve a significant impact. Exercise, Exercise, Exercise: This is the intervention with the strongest evidence. Aim for 30 minutes, five times a week, mixing aerobic, strength, and posture work. Social Interaction: Staying socially engaged—through work, hobbies, or community events—invokes complex brain networks that help maintain cognitive health. Sensory Management: Treat cataracts and use hearing aids if needed. Managing hearing and vision loss is a proven way to reduce dementia risk. Medical Solutions: If early cognitive changes are detected, "cholinesterase inhibitors" (such as Rivastigmine or Donepezil) can help boost acetylcholine levels and have been shown to keep cognition stable over several years in related conditions. 5. The Future: Disease-Modifying Treatments There is growing optimism regarding treatments currently in the pipeline: Anti-Amyloid Treatments: Drugs designed to remove amyloid proteins from the brain (already showing progress in Alzheimer's research) may eventually be tested for Parkinson's dementia. Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: New compounds like Neflimapimod are being trialled to target inflammatory processes in the brain, offering a more tangible hope for slowing decline. Conclusion: While Parkinson’s dementia is a challenging topic, Professor Weil emphasises that we are moving toward a future where we can detect individual risks early and provide targeted treatments. In the meantime, focusing on exercise, social connection, and proactive clinical management remains the best "offensive game" for patients and carers.

This session of the "Food as Medicine" series featured Dr Tanya Denne, ND, who provided an exhaustive look at the biochemical requirements for managing Parkinson's. The discussion focused on addressing the "whole person" through precise lab testing and targeted supplementation to manage bone health, mood, and energy. Vitamin D: The Multi-Functional Hormone: Vitamin D is a critical regulator of over 1,000 genes and acts as a hormone, nutrient, and vitamin. Deficiency is highly prevalent, affecting 40% to 68% of people with the condition. Optimisation Targets: A blood level goal of approximately 75 ng/mL is recommended. This should be monitored every 3 to 6 months to ensure the levels stay within a safe range of 60–80 ng/mL. Safety Warning: High megadoses can lead to kidney stones and a liver burden. Because the condition is often associated with low liver enzymes like ALT, slow optimisation over 3 to 4 months is much safer than aggressive dosing. Absorption Tips: As a fat-soluble nutrient, it must be taken with a meal or fish oil to be effective. Some people find their levels do not rise despite supplementation until they include these healthy fats. Dietary Sources: While rare in food, sources include wild salmon (600–1,000 IU), sardines (270 IU), tuna (230 IU), and eggs. Interestingly, mushrooms only provide vitamin D if they are dried in UV light. Bone Health and Calcium Management: People with the condition face a 2.6x higher risk of osteoporosis and a 2.3x higher risk of fractures. Dopamine’s Role: High levels of dopamine naturally suppress the breakdown of bone; therefore, the loss of dopamine directly increases the risk of bone thinning. Calcium Strategy: The goal is 1,200 mg total daily, with roughly 800 mg coming from food sources like tofu, dark leafy greens, nut milks, and sardines. Supplement Caution: High-dose "horse pill" calcium can increase the risk of kidney stones and cardiovascular events. Focus on dietary sources and elemental forms instead. Physical Intervention: Resistance weight-bearing exercise, weighted vests, and vibration plates are recommended to increase bone-building cells (osteoblasts) by putting weight on the spine and axial skeleton. The Homocysteine and B-Vitamin Connection: Homocysteine is an amino acid intermediate that can become toxic if not properly cleared (methylated). High levels (the goal is under 7) are linked to increased risks of osteoporosis, dementia, and cardiovascular issues. Levodopa Impact: Levodopa therapy can actively drive up homocysteine levels, which makes consistent B-vitamin support vital. MTHFR and Methyl Forms: Over 50% of the population has a genetic variant (MTHFR) that prevents them from processing synthetic folic acid or cyanocobalamin. Only methylated forms, such as Methylcobalamin (B12) and Methylfolate (B9), should be used. Vitamin B12: Essential for nerve health, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation. Low levels are associated with faster motor progression and cognitive decline. Sublingual forms are best as they dissolve under the tongue to bypass liver metabolism. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Critical for mitochondrial energy and nerve signalling. While megadoses are debated, thiamine influences the activity of the enzyme needed to convert tyrosine into levodopa. Vitamin B6 Caution: While essential for converting levodopa to dopamine, high doses can lead to peripheral neuropathy. It is best to check blood levels to ensure you aren't exceeding the reference range. Strategic Magnesium Supplementation: Magnesium is involved in hundreds of reactions, but the compound it is bound to changes its clinical use: Sleep and Anxiety: Magnesium Glycinate is the preferred form for relaxation. Brain Health: Magnesium Threonate is unique because it is the only form that effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier. Constipation: Magnesium Citrate is highly effective for digestive regularity. Energy and Fatigue: Magnesium Malate helps support energy production. Heart Health: Magnesium Taurate is often used for cardiovascular support. Omega Fatty Acids and Inflammation: The brain requires healthy fats for dopamine synthesis and mood regulation. Omega-3 (Anti-inflammatory): The goal is an "Omega check" total of above 8%. Sources include fatty fish like salmon and sardines, as well as walnuts, hemp, and chia seeds. -Arachidonic Acid (Pro-inflammatory): This Omega-6 fat, found in red meat and dairy, should be kept low (ideally below 10%) to balance the inflammatory load. Cooking Tip: Use heat-stable oils like coconut or avocado oil rather than unstable seed oils. Hormones and Stress Management: DHEA: This steroid hormone supports energy, bone health, and metabolism. It should never be used without screening for hormone-sensitive cancers. Cortisol: Elevated cortisol is linked to worse motor function and neuroinflammation. Levels should be tested before 9:00 AM. Melatonin: Beyond sleep, melatonin is a potent antioxidant. Immediate-release (IR) helps with falling asleep, while extended-release (XR/SR) helps with staying asleep. Final Guidance on Quality: Dr Denne warned that supplements are often poorly regulated; research showed some contained only 6% of their label claims. Adulteration with lead or arsenic is also a concern. Using practitioner-grade third-party dispensaries like Fullscript ensures accuracy and safety. Always work with your healthcare providers to suggest and interpret the following blood lab work: LABS: CMP (complete metabolic panel) CBC (complete blood count) Vitamin D Homocysteine B12, B6 A1c, insulin, fasting glucose OmegaCheck (Quest Labs specific) DHEA Cortisol (before 9am) Magnesium, RBC Iron panel with Ferritin

The second instalment of the "Food as Medicine" webinar series, hosted by Beatrice Zatorska and featuring food scientist Beth Statkus alongside Dr Tanya Denne, has unveiled a compelling frontier in Parkinson’s management: the gut. Often referred to as our "second brain," the gut is not merely a digestive organ but a complex neurological command centre linked directly to the brain via a biological highway known as the gut-brain axis. The Microbiome: A Living Internal Forest To understand the connection between the gut and Parkinson's, we must first look at the microbiome. This is a vast ecosystem of trillions of microbiota living inside and outside our bodies. Beth Statkus uses the analogy of a lush, diverse forest to describe a healthy gut. When this forest is thriving, it is filled with a variety of beneficial "bugs." In many people with the condition, however, this ecosystem enters a state called dysbiosis. This is like a desolate, dead forest where diversity has vanished. Research indicates that gut dysbiosis is highly prevalent in Parkinson’s and other neurological conditions. The primary bridge for this relationship is the vagus nerve, a major component of the enteric nervous system that facilitates constant, two-way communication between the gut and the brain. Magical Molecules and the "Leaky Gut" When we consume fibre, the beneficial bacteria in our gut produce short-chain fatty acids. These are described as "magical molecules" because they perform several vital functions: They fuel the cells that line the gut. They strengthen the integrity of the gut barrier. They promote anti-inflammatory responses. They enhance the absorption of essential nutrients. Without a diverse microbiome, the production of these fatty acids drops, leading to biological degradation. Over time—due to age, stress, or environmental toxins like Paraquat—the tight junctions between the cells of the gut lining begin to pull apart. This results in a "leaky gut", allowing toxins and harmful bacteria to enter the bloodstream. This triggers chronic inflammation which can eventually travel to the brain, activating immune cells like microglia and astrocytes, ultimately contributing to neurodegeneration. The Power of the Mediterranean and MIND Diets The good news is that the microbiome is remarkably malleable. Significant changes can be seen in as little as two to five days through lifestyle adjustments. The Mediterranean and MIND diets are highly recommended, as they prioritise whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats while limiting red meat and sugar. Large-scale studies have shown that strictly adhering to a Mediterranean diet can lead to a 25% reduction in the risk of Parkinson’s and can even delay the age of onset by an average of 17.4 years. To simplify high-fibre eating, Beth recommends the "Bee Gees" (BGBGs): Beans Greens (Spinach, Kale) Berries (Raspberries, Blueberries) Grains (Whole) Seeds and Nuts Clinical Insights: Neurofibre and Inflammation In a pilot clinical trial involving people with Parkinson’s, the introduction of a daily "neurofibre" bar led to remarkable results over four weeks. Participants saw a 75% reduction in constipation and a significant decrease in markers of intestinal inflammation. Most interestingly, non-motor symptoms on the UPDRS scale improved by 87%, and sleep quality improved by 62%. Dr Tanya Denne added that clinical testing often reveals low levels of butyrate (a specific short-chain fatty acid) in the Parkinsonian gut. She also highlighted the prevalence of H. pylori, a bacterium that is twice as common in people with the condition. H. pylori can lower stomach acid, which directly interferes with how medications are absorbed and processed by the body. Practical Strategies for Gut Health The webinar concluded with several practical takeaways for managing gut health and symptoms: Introduce Fibre "Low and Slow": Gas is a natural byproduct of healthy bacteria eating fibre. To avoid discomfort, start with small amounts and work up to the recommended 25–30 grams per day. Hydration is Key: Most people are chronically dehydrated. The goal is to drink about half your body weight in ounces of water daily (e.g., a person weighing 160 lbs should aim for 80 oz of water). Manage Heartburn (GERD): Instead of relying solely on PPIs, look for triggers like coffee or spicy foods. Chewable DGL (licorice root) can be a helpful alternative for soothing the digestive tract. Boost Motility: For those struggling with slow digestion (gastroparesis), ginger and artichoke hearts act as "pro-kinetics" to help move food through the system. Diversity Over Supplements: While probiotic supplements can help, it is often more effective to "feed" your existing good bacteria with a wide variety of plant fibres. By addressing gut health through nutrition and exercise, people with Parkinson's can actively lower inflammation and potentially slow the progression of the condition, keeping the "forest" of their microbiome lush and protective. Bonus content: The Fibre Game By Beatrice Zatorska I like to think of myself as a bit of a pro when it comes to the Mediterranean diet. I have lived it for years. So, when the challenge came to hit 30 grams of fibre a day, I went into it with the smug confidence of someone who eats a vegetable once in a while. I thought it would be a breeze. I was wrong. I was so, so wrong. Even with fruit or vegetables at every single meal and snacks consisting of dried fruit, I started crunching the numbers and had a total shock. I was still falling short. It turns out you do not just stumble into 30g of fibre by accident. It requires tactical eating and the sobering realisation that a slice of white toast has barely 1g of fibre. You would essentially need to eat the entire loaf to hit the target, which I strongly suggest you do not do unless you want to feel like a human baguette. My Battle Plan for the Big 30 After admitting defeat, I developed a few tricks to pack it in without feeling like I was permanently grazing on a pasture. The Breakfast Boost You have to start strong. If you have a bowl of porridge or Greek yogurt, throw in a cup of berries; that is a massive 8g of fibre right there. I also "cheat" by adding a scoop of my favourite apple fibre powder or psyllium husk. That is an easy 5g off the bat, meaning you are at 13g before 9:00 AM. The Lunchtime Swap We have been trained to view bread as the primary vehicle for lunch, but I have started swapping it for "crudités." A handful of cherry tomatoes is nice, but carrot sticks and sliced peppers are fibre powerhouses. To really level up, I have learnt how to make red lentil wraps, which are absolutely packed with fibre and serve as a much heartier, healthier alternative to traditional bread. There is also a specific Parkinson’s hack here: since protein interferes with Levodopa absorption, lunch is the perfect time to go vegetarian. This prevents the "protein collision" while naturally boosting your fibre. Think thick vegetable soups with lentils or a massive salad with chickpeas. You are saving your movement and feeding your gut at the same time. The Avocado Advantage Did you know that just half an avocado contains about 6 to 7 grams of fibre? It is creamy, delicious, and fits with almost anything. I have started adding it to almost every lunchtime salad to give my numbers a significant nudge. The Dinner Side Hustle I now make sure every dinner has a dedicated "fibre buddy." Whether it is a side of steamed broccoli, a serving of beans, or even a pear for dessert, every addition counts toward that final goal. The Golden Rule: Hydrate or Regret Finally, I have a massive word of warning for anyone joining me on this hunt. Fibre works like a sponge; it absorbs water to bulk up. If you dramatically increase your fibre intake but do not drink enough water, you are not creating a healthy digestive system. Instead, you are essentially manufacturing concrete in your colon. That is the exact opposite of what we want. If you up the fibre, you absolutely must up the water. It takes a bit of planning, but when you hit that 30g sweet spot, everything changes. You feel lighter, your medication tends to work more consistently, and you can sleep better knowing you have kept your microbiome happy. Warning: Do not jump straight into the high-fibre game if your body isn't used to it. If you are new to this, start slowly by adding fibre gradually to give your digestive system time to adjust. Beatrice's Cheat Sheet Think of this as my quick-look cheat sheet. I learnt these values by heart during my experiment, and while it was hideous to start with, it quickly became a habit. Now, I know off the bat what has what and how to balance each plate. Finding the right balance between fibre and protein is a bit of a strategic game; to keep your movement smooth, you want that high-fibre hit while keeping the protein low during the day to avoid any "protein collision" with your medication. Fruits: The Fibre Frontrunners Fruits are generally your safest bet for high fibre with very minimal protein. 🍐 Pear (with skin): 1 medium pear contains 5.1g fibre and only 0.6g protein. 🍎 Apple (with skin): 1 medium apple offers 4.4g fibre and 0.5g protein. 🍓 Raspberries: 1 cup packs a massive 8g fibre and 1.5g protein. 🍌 Banana: 1 medium banana provides 3.1g fibre and 1.3g protein. 🏺 Dried Figs: 1/2 cup provides 7.3g fibre and 2.5g protein. 🌴 Dried Dates (Medjool): 2 fruits provide 3.2g fibre and 0.8g protein. 🥭 Papaya: 1 medium fruit offers 5g fibre and 1.8g protein. 🫐 Guava: 1 cup contains 9g fibre and 4.2g protein. 🫐 Blackberries: 1 cup packs 7.6g fibre and 2g protein. 🥝 Kiwi Fruit: 1 medium kiwi offers 3g fibre and 1g protein. 🫐 Prunes (Dried Plums): 1/2 cup offers 6.2g fibre and 1.9g protein. 🥭 Mango: 1 medium mango provides 5.4g fibre and 2.8g protein. 🍊 Orange: 1 medium orange provides 3.1g fibre and 1.2g protein. 🍑 Dried Apricots: 1/2 cup provides 4.7g fibre and 2.2g protein. 🍍 Pineapple: 1 cup of chunks offers 2.3g fibre and 0.9g protein. 🍒 Cherries: 1 cup (pitted) contains 2.5g fibre and 1.5g protein. 🫐 Elderberries: 1 cup contains 10.2g fibre and 1g protein. Vegetables: The Crunchy Workhorses Vegetables are the foundation of your daytime "stability" meals, offering significant bulk and essential nutrients while keeping protein levels manageable. 🥑 Avocado: Half an avocado is a superstar with 6.7g fibre and roughly 1.5g protein. 🌳 Artichoke: 1 medium artichoke (boiled) gives you 7g fibre and 3.5g protein. 🥦 Broccoli: 1 cup of chopped, steamed broccoli provides 5g fibre and 3.7g protein. 🥕 Carrots: 1 cup of raw, chopped carrots has 3.6g fibre and 0.9g protein. 🥬 Brussels Sprouts: 1 cup (boiled) contains 4g fibre and 4g protein. 🥔 Sweet Potato (with skin): 1 medium sweet potato (baked) provides 3.8g fibre and 2.3g protein. 🥬 Kale: 1 cup (cooked) offers 4.7g fibre and 3.5g protein. 🫛 Green Beans: 1 cup (steamed) provides 4g fibre and 2g protein. 🍆 Aubergine (Eggplant): 1 cup (cooked) contains 2.5g fibre and 0.8g protein. 🍄 Mushrooms (Shiitake): 1 cup (cooked) provides 3g fibre and 2.3g protein. 🥗 Parsnips: 1 medium parsnip (boiled) provides 5.8g fibre and 1.6g protein. 🥬 Spinach: 1 cup (cooked) offers 4.3g fibre and 5.3g protein (keep an eye on the protein here). 🍅 Sun-dried Tomatoes: 1/2 cup provides 3.3g fibre and 3.8g protein. 🎃 Pumpkin/Squash: 1 cup (cooked) contains 3g fibre and 1.2g protein. Seeds and Pantry Boosters These are my absolute favourite "secret weapons." They are the easiest way to bridge the gap and hit that 30g goal without feeling like you are constantly eating. You can sprinkle them over yogurt, stir them into soups, or mix them into a glass of water to get a massive fibre hit with almost zero effort. 🍎 Apple Fibre Powder: 1 scoop (my favourite!) provides about 5g fibre and 0g protein. 🧉 Chia Seeds: 2 tablespoons (about 28g) provide a huge 10g fibre and 4.7g protein. 🥄 Psyllium Husk: 1 tablespoon provides about 5g fibre and 0g protein. 🥨 Flaxseeds (Ground): 2 tablespoons give you 4g fibre and 2.6g protein. 🌾 🌻 Sunflower Seeds: 1/4 cup provides 3g fibre and 6g protein (save these for the afternoon/evening). 🥥 Desiccated Coconut: 2 tablespoons provide 2g fibre and 0.5g protein. 🐚 Hemp Seeds: 3 tablespoons provide 1.2g fibre and 9.5g protein (a brilliant evening protein booster!). 🥣 Prebiotic Fibre Blend: 1 scoop typically provides 5g fibre and 0g protein. Grains and Legumes (The Protein Watchlist) While these are fibre champions, they do carry more protein, so keep an eye on your portions during the day. 🌯 Red Lentil Wrap: One wrap (depending on size) can offer roughly 4–5g fibre and 6–8g protein. 🥣 Oats/Porridge: 1 cup (cooked) provides 4g fibre and 6g protein. 🫘 Chickpeas (hummus): 1/2 cup (canned/rinsed) contains 6g fibre and 7g protein. 🍿 Popcorn (Air-popped): 3 cups provide 3.5g fibre and 3g protein. 🫛 Green Peas: 1/2 cup (cooked) provides 4.5g fibre and 4.3g protein. 🍲 Kidney Beans: 1/2 cup (canned/rinsed) offers 6.5g fibre and 7g protein. 🥣 Pinto Beans: 1/2 cup (canned/rinsed) provides 7.5g fibre and 7.7g protein. 🥗 Broad Beans (Fava Beans): 1/2 cup (cooked) contains 4.5g fibre and 6.5g protein. 🌾 Pearled Barley: 1/2 cup (cooked) provides 3g fibre and 1.8g protein (a great lower-protein grain option). 🥗 Bulgur Wheat: 1/2 cup (cooked) offers 4g fibre and 2.8g protein. 🫘 Black Beans: 1/2 cup (canned/rinsed) packs 7.5g fibre and 7.6g protein. They are incredibly versatile for stews or salads. 🫛 Edamame (Shelled): 1/2 cup (cooked) is a superstar with 4g fibre and a whopping 9g protein. It is one of the best ways to get high-quality plant protein. 🥗 Quinoa: 1 cup (cooked) provides 5g fibre and 8g protein. Since it contains all nine essential amino acids, it is a "complete" protein source. 🪵 Tempeh: 100g (cooked) provides 9g fibre and a massive 19g protein. Because it is fermented, it also brings extra benefits for gut health. By shifting the bulk of your protein to dinner, you ensure your body gets the building blocks it needs while you sleep, without sacrificing your "on" time during the day. Just remember that even at night, fibre is still your best friend for a comfortable morning! The Fibre Balls Reciepie ☄️ When you have just finished a workout and you are essentially a "pool of sweat," or you feel an "off" period lurking around the corner, you need a snack that works as hard as you do. These Fibre Balls are my secret weapon, they are chewy, sweet, and designed to give you a massive boost without the "protein collision" that messes with your medication. Keep a batch of these in the fridge, and you will never be caught off guard by a mid-afternoon energy slump again. This recipe is brilliant because there is no cooking involved, and it focuses entirely on motility-boosting fruit and pure fibre. What you will need: 🏺1 cup Dried Figs or Medjool Dates (or a mix of both! Figs provide a lovely texture). 🍎3 tablespoons Apple Fibre Powder (the ultimate "zero-protein" boost). 🥥 1 tablespoon Coconut Oil (melted, to keep everything smooth). 💧A splash of water (only if the mixture looks too dry). Optional: A pinch of cinnamon for flavor or pure cocoa or a roll in desiccated coconut. 🥥 The 5-Minute Method: The Blitz: Throw your figs or dates into a food processor and pulse until they form a thick, sticky paste. The Boost: Add your apple fibre powder and coconut oil. Pulse again until it is all beautifully combined. If the mixture is too crumbly, add a tiny splash of water until it sticks. The Roll: Scoop out a tablespoon of the mixture and roll it between your palms into a ball about the size of a walnut. The Chill: Pop them on a plate and slide them into the fridge. They will firm up in about 30 minutes and stay fresh for a week.